Daniel’s Amazing 70 Weeks
Daniel 9
Needless to say, there are literally millions of people today who do not believe that the Bible is God’s word. Daniel can help in this. There are people who admit that the Bible is a good book for moral instruction, but find value only as an accumulation of myth, fantasy and legend. At the same time juxtaposed against the non-believers are the fanatical dogmatists who deliberately seek to make more of the book of Daniel as apocalyptic and make it a stumbling block to the uninformed laity who have not the wisdom and discipline of eschatology. It is too bad that neither of these millions who stand misguided have not taken the time to study the facts, for if they only examine the facts with an open mind they would see how wrong they really were. One of the greatest proofs of the authenticity of the bible is fulfilled prophecy. It is fascinating to examine bible prophecies in light of later history to see how each of the prophecies were fulfilled in the most minute detail. A thorough study of Daniel alone would be enough to convince even the most hardened skeptic, because Daniel is literally filled with many tremendous prophecies which were fulfilled in the most marvelous ways. That the book of Daniel is grounded in history is seen in the fact that the opening of chapter 9 is the fulfillment of a prophecy that had been given years before. Daniel had been studying a scroll of the prophet Jeremiah and found in 25:1 that the people were to be in captivity 70 years. Now Daniel realizes that this 70 years is up, and he prays that God would now keep his word and allow he people to go back home. God’s answer comes through Daniel, and Daniel got more than he bargained for. Gabriel not only says that God has heard his prayer, but he also is revealed one of the most amazing prophecies in all of God’s word! Let’s read Daniel 9:20-27 and see why this is one of the most amazing prophecies found in Scripture. (READ)
- IT IS AN AMAZING PROPHECY because IF TELLS US EXACTLY WHEN THE MESSIAH WOULD COME. Here in verse 24, Gabriel says that there would be “70 weeks) more to God’s time schedule with his people. What does the term “70 weeks” mean? We know first of all that this word “week” means “a unit of seven” (just as there are 7 days in a week). So then it means there are 70 units of 7 that Gabriel is talking about, and that figures to 490 “days” or units of time. It was this same year-for-a-day principle that was used in Numbers 14:34. Because of unbelief, the Israelites were to wander for 40 years in the wilderness, a year for each day that the spies were absent searching out the land. This same scale was used in Ezekiel 4:4-6: “I have appointed thee a day for a year, a day for a year.” God historically remembers times and Genesis 15:13-16 and Exodus 12:40 and Acts 7:6 (400 years and four generations). We must be convinced of a fulfilled interpretation of the kingdom work of Christ or we will fall to the futurist understanding where an ambiguous antichrist will make a covenant with the Jews who will in turn rebuild the temple and offer sacrifices once again. A Christian could not deny that Christ is the all sufficient sacrifice and that if the Jews were to build an altar and a temple, their worship would be to a pagan god. It should be clear from as early as Malachi that God’s plan for a Messiah was in high gear as the people of Israel rejected him. The 70 weeks are divided into three parts, according to words of Gabriel (“man of God”). The parts are, according to verse 25: 1) 7 weeks, 2) 62 weeks, and 3) 1 week.
- IT IS AN AMAZING PROPHECY ALSO BECAUSE IT TELLS EXACTLY WHAT THE MESSIAH WOULD DO
1. “TO FINISH THE TRANSGRESSION”, or literally, “to finish transgression.” As Jesus was dying, he cried: “It is FINISHED.” At Calvary, Jesus finished transgression by becoming sin for us. No future sacrifice can ever finish transgression; it was finished at Calvary (Heb. 9:15). “He was wounded for our TRANSGRESSIONS” (Isaiah 53:5).
2. “TO MAKE AN END OF SINS.” Here the basic thought is repeated. If we understand the glorious significance of what was accomplished at Calvary, we know that here there was truly an end made of sins.
Jesus, who came “to save his people from their sins”, accomplished this when he “put away sin by the sacrifice of himself” (Mt. 1:21; Heb. 9:26). “It is not possible that the blood of bulls and of goats should take away sins… But this man, after he had offered one sacrifice for sins for ever…hath perfected for ever them that are sanctified…And their sins… remember no more” (Heb. 10:4-11). The old system of sacrifices could never make an end of sins, but Christ—by the sacrifice of himself—did make an end of sins, even as the prophecy had said!
John announced him as “the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sins of the world” (John 1:29). “Christ died for our sins” (1 Cor. 15:3). He “bare our sins in his own body on the tree” (l Peter 2:24) and “hath once suffered for sins” (3:18). “He was manifested to take away our sins” (l John 3:5). This “end of sins” was accomplished at Calvary.
This is the first of two events that must take place in Scripture to be a sign of the Kingdom’s arrival. The first sign is the “Sign of Elijah.” John the Baptist IS the sign of Elijah, which is confirmed in Matthew 11:13, 14, Mark 9:9-13, and Luke 7:27.
The second sign that follows is the “Sign of Jonah.” (Matthew 12:34-41)
All of this does not mean, of course, that right at this point men quit sinning. This was not the case. But what the scripture does mean is that at Calvary the eternal sacrifice for sin was made, so that any and all—past, present, or future —who will be forgiven of sins will be forgiven because our Lord’ s death almost 2,000 years ago made an “end of sins”!
3. “TO MAKE RECONCILIATION FOR INIQUITY.” The word reconciliation used here is the same word that is used so frequently in the book of Leviticus where it is rendered “to make atonement.” This, too, was part of our Lord’s redemptive work. Surely “reconciliation” is a present reality—because of Calvary!
Jesus, “our merciful and faithful high priest” made “RECONCILIATION for the sins of the people” (Heb. 2:17). “Having made peace through the blood…to RECONCILE all things unto himself…and you, that were sometimes alienated…hath he RECONCILED…through death” (Col. 1:20-22; Eph. 2:16).
“God was in Christ, RECONCILING the world unto himself, not imputing their trespasses unto them; and hath committed unto us the word of RECONCILIATION” (2 Cor. 5:19). Plainly, “reconciliation for iniquity” was accomplished by Jesus, for he “gave himself for us, that he might redeem us from all INIQUITY” (Titus 2:14), and “the Lord hath laid on him the INIQUITY of us all” (Isaiah 53:6).
4. ”TO BRING IN EVER LASTING RIGHTEOUSNESS.” This too was accomplished by the redemptive work of Christ! The great redemption chapter of Isaiah 53 had prophesied: “My righteous servant shall make many RIGHTEOUS.” Paul put it this way: “By the righteousness of one…shall many be made RIGHTEOUS… unto eternal life by Jesus Christ” (Rom. 5:17-21). He who came “to fulfill all righteousness” (Mt. 3:15) and who “loved righteousness, and hated iniquity”, was “anointed” of God (Heb. 1:9) and made unto us wisdom, and RIGHTEOUSNESS, and sanctification, and redemption” (1 Cor. 1:30). “Who his own self bare our sins in his own body on the tree, that we, being dead to sins, should live unto RIGHTEOUSNESS” (1 Peter 2:24). “Even the RIGHTEOUSNESS of God…through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus: whom God hath set forth to be a propitiation through faith in his blood to declare his RIGHTEOUSNESS for the remission of sins” (Rom. 3:21-26). “For he hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin; that we might be made the RIGHTEOUSNESS of God in him” (2 Cor. 5:21). “Everyone that doeth RIGHTEOUSNESS is born of him” (1 John 2:29).
Taking all of these verses into consideration, we ask: Did Christ in his coming to earth provide righteousness through his redemptive work? All Christians acknowledge that he did. We ask then: Was not this righteousness that he brought in everlasting? Of course. Surely no Christians would deny that the righteousness of Christ is “everlasting righteousness.”
“By his own blood he entered in once into the holy place, having obtained ETERNAL REDEMPTION “—everlasting righteousness—” for us” (Heb. 9:12). This eternal or everlasting righteousness is contrasted to the old sacrifices under the law which were only of a temporary nature. But Christ, once for all time, offered himself—thus providing, as the prophecy of Daniel had said, “everlasting righteousness.”
One only has to read the great redemption passages of Romans, Corinthians, Colossians, Ephesians, and Hebrews to see how an “end” of transgressions and sins, “reconciliation for iniquity”, and “everlasting righteousness” were all accomplished at Calvary by our Lord Jesus Christ!
In view of this, we see no basis for the futurist teaching that none of these things have yet been fulfilled, but are to be linked with a supposed seventieth week at the end of the age! To teach such is contradictory and tends to take away from the glory of that great redemption of Calvary which so beautifully and completely fulfilled these prophecies!
5. “TO SEAL UP VISION AND PROPHECY”, or literally, “to seal up vision and prophet.” The use of the metaphor “to seal” is derived from the ancient custom of attaching a seal to a document to show that it was genuine (See 1 Kings 21:8; Jer. 32:10, 11; cf. John 6:27; 1 Cor. 9:2). Christ “sealed” Old Testament prophecy by fulfilling what was written of him.
Repeatedly we read concerning him: “…that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophets.” Acts 3:18 says: “Those things which God before had shewed by the mouth of all his prophets, that Christ should suffer he hath so fulfilled:” Truly Jesus fulfilled what was written in the visions and prophecies of the Old Testament concerning him, and thus he “sealed” them—showed that they were genuine. ‘They are they”, he said, “which testify of me” (John 5:39). “All the prophets and the law prophesied until John” (Mt. 11:13), then John presented Jesus as he that was to be “made manifest to Israel.” Jesus was the one that was to come—and we look for none other. He is the fulfillment of vision and prophecy.
6. “HE SHALL CONFIRM THE COVENANT.” When Jesus instituted the Lord’ s supper, representative of his shed blood for the remission of sins, he said: ‘This is my blood of the new testament [covenant], which is shed for many for the remission of sins” (Mt. 26:28). The word “testament” here and the word “covenant” are translated from exactly the same word in the New Testament. “How much more shall the blood of Christ…purge your conscience from dead works to serve the living God? And for this cause he is the mediator of the new testament [covenant]” (Heb.9:14,15).
Jesus is called the “mediator of the new covenant” (Heb. 8:6), the “messenger of the covenant” (Mal. 3:1), and his shed blood is called “the blood of the everlasting covenant” (Heb. 12:24). Our Lord Jesus is the one who confirmed the covenant through his redemptive sacrifice at Calvary. And how beautifully this harmonizes with what we have already seen.
7. “HE SHALL CAUSE THE SACRIFICE AND THE OBLATION TO CEASE.” This too was fulfilled in the death of Jesus Christ. In the Old Testament, as we have mentioned, sacrifices were repeatedly made. Each of these was but a mere type looking forward to the time when the perfect sacrifice, the Lamb of God, would be offered. Once this would be accomplished, God would no longer require or accept any other sacrifice.
The perfect sacrifice was Jesus Christ. The old system of repeated sacrifices (types) could only end at Calvary—when Christ became the perfect, eternal, and final sacrifice (See Heb. 9 and 10). In addition to Calvary’s sacrifice, “there remaineth no more sacrifice for sins” (Heb. 10: 18, 26).
For a few more years, the Jews continued their sacrifices, but these were not recognized by God. Such cannot be termed sacrifices in the true scriptural sense of the word, for the death of Christ provided the perfect, and therefore, the final sacrifice for sins forever.
Further proof that this was fulfilled in Christ is seen in the time element, for the prophecy said that sacrifice would cease in the middle of the week—the 70th week. This was when Christ died, for the 69 weeks measured unto Messiah and his death came after a ministry of three and a half years.
That this was the length of our Lord’s ministry may be seen by a study of the gospel according to John in which mention is made of four passovers that occurred during our Lord’s ministry: John 2:13, 5:1 (see Footnote 1), 6:4, 13:1. Eusebius, a Christian writer of the fourth century, pointed these things out: “Now the whole period of our Saviour’s teaching and working of miracles is said to have been three-and-a-half years, which is half a week. John the evangelist, in his Gospel makes this clear to the attentive.” (Footnote 2)
And so, after three and a half years of ministry as the Christ—the anointed one—Jesus was cut off in death, in the middle of the 70th week of seven years. As Augustine said: “Daniel even defined the time when Christ was to come and suffer by the exact date.” (Footnote 3)
Understanding this, we can now see real significance in certain New Testament statements which also speak of a definite established time at which Jesus would die. For example, we read: “They sought to take him: but no man laid hands on him, because his hour was not yet come” (John 7:30). In John 2:4, Jesus said, “Mine hour is not yet come.” On another occasion, he said, “My time is not yet come” (John 7:6). Then just prior to his betrayal and death, he said, “My time is at hand” (Mt. 26:18), and finally, ‘”the hour is come” (John 17:1; Mt. 26:45).
New American Standard Bible: 1995 Update (La Habra, CA: The Lockman Foundation, 1995), Lk 18:31–33.
Notice Luke 18:31-33:
31 “Then He took the twelve aside and said to them, ‘Behold, we are going up to Jerusalem, and all things which are written through the prophets about the Son of Man will be accomplished.
32 “For He will be handed over to the Gentiles, and will be mocked and mistreated and spit upon,
33 and after they have scourged Him, they will kill Him; and the third day He will rise again.'”
These and other verses clearly show that there was a definite time in the plan of God when Jesus would die. He came to fulfill the scriptures, and there is only one Old Testament scripture which predicted the time of his death—the prophecy which stated that Messiah would be cut off in the midst of the 70th week—at the close of three and a half years of ministry! How perfectly the prophecy was fulfilled in Christ!
But those who say that the confirming of the covenant and causing sacrifices to cease in the midst of the 70th week refers to a future Antichrist, completely destroy this beautiful fulfillment and are at a complete loss to show where in the Old Testament the time of our Lord’s death was predicted.
The prophecy of Daniel 9 stated that Messiah would confirm the covenant (or would cause the covenant to prevail) with many of Daniel’s people for the “week” or seven years. We ask then, when Christ came, was his ministry directed in a special way to Daniel’s people —to “Israel ” (Dan. 9:20)? Yes!
John introduced him as he “that should be made manifest to ISRAEL” (John 1:31). “I am not sent”, Jesus said, “but unto the lost sheep of the house of ISRAEL” (Mt. 15:24). And when he first sent out his apostles, they were directed: “Go not into the way of the Gentiles…go rather to the lost sheep of the house of ISRAEL” (Mt. 10:5,6).
The first half of the “week”, the time of our Lord’s ministry, was definitely directed toward ISRAEL. But what about the second half—the final three and a half years of the prophecy—was it also linked with Israel? Did the disciples continue to preach for the duration of the remaining three and a half years (as Christ’s representatives) especially to Daniel’s people—to Israel? Yes, they did!
Jesus had told the disciples to go into all the world and preach the gospel to every creature (Mk. 16:15; Mt.28:19; Acts 1:8), YET—and this is significant—after Christ ascended, the disciples still at first preached only to Israel! Why? We know of only one prophecy which would indicate that this was to be the course followed. It is the prophecy of the 70 weeks which implied that after the death of Messiah there would still be three and a half years that pertained to Israel!
Bearing this in mind, we can now understand at least one reason why the gospel went “to the Jew first” and then later to the Gentiles (Rom. 1:16). Peter preached shortly after Pentecost: “Ye are the children of the prophets, and of the covenant… unto you first God, having raised up his Son Jesus, sent him to bless you, in turning away every one of you from his iniquities” (Acts 3:25, 26). “It was necessary that the word of God should first have been spoken to you” (Acts 13:46).
In person, Christ came to Israel during the first half of the “week”—three and a half years. Through the disciples—for the three and a half years that remained—his message still went to Israel, “the Lord working with them, and confirming the word with signs following” (Mk. 16:20). In a very real sense of the word, the ministry of the disciples was a continuation of the ministry of Christ.
Then came the conversion of Cornelius which completely changed the missionary outreach, outlook, and ministry of the church. Though the New Testament does not give an exact date when this happened, apparently the time for special exclusive blessing upon Daniel’s people had drawn to a close. The gospel which had gone first to the Jews was now to take its full mission—to be preached to all people of all nations!
This time of changeover was marked by a number of supernatural events. Cornelius received a heavenly visitation. An angel appeared to him and told him to call for Peter “who shall tell thee words whereby thou and all thy house shall be saved” (Acts 11:14). God showed Peter a vision which caused him to know that the gospel was now to go to the Gentiles and not to Israelites only. All of these things were timed perfectly—showing that God’s hand was accomplishing a definite purpose.
Returning to Jerusalem, Peter explained what had happened. “When they heard these things, they… glorified God, saying, Then hath God also to the Gentiles granted repentance unto life” (Acts 11:18). From this very point, more and more, there was a turning to the Gentiles with the gospel message. God’s measurement of 490 years pertaining in a special way to Israel had obviously been completed.
And finally,
8. THE DESTRUCTION OF JERUSALEM AND THE TEMPLE. This part of the prophecy was not dated within the framework of the 70 weeks as was the time of the appearance of Messiah to Israel, the time of his death, etc. Nevertheless, living on this side of the fulfillment, we know that the predicted destruction found fulfillment in 70 A.D. when the armies of Titus brought the city to desolation.
With Adam Clarke we say: “The whole of this prophecy from the times and corresponding events has been fulfilled to the very letter.” (Clarke’s Commentary, note on Daniel 9)
(Footnotes:)
1. In this verse the feast is not mentioned by name. However, by taking John 4:35 about the “four months” into consideration, it is possible to determine that this was the feast of the passover (See Boutflower, page 208).
2. Eusebius, The Proof of the Gospel, bk. 8, chapter 2.
3. quoted in The Prophetic Faith of Our Fathers, vol. 1, page 487.